---
title: "Lines"
url: "https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/html/TOUTLINER-OUTLINEMAT_GROUP_LINE.html"
section_path: "Object Manager > Tags Menu > Render Tags > Sketch Style Tag > Lines"
element_id: "TOUTLINER"
group_id: "OUTLINEMAT_GROUP_LINE"
description: "These settings control which line types and Sketch materials are used by the tag. They work in the same way as the settings of the same name in the Sketch …"
---

## Lines

These settings control which line types and Sketch materials are used by the tag. They work in the same way as the settings of the same name in the Sketch and Toon post effect (see [Sketch and Toon Post Effect](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/html/VPTOONUP-OUTLINEMAT_GROUP_LINE.html.md)).

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Types

### Outline

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_OUTLINE`

An object’s unhidden contour lines.

### Folds

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_FOLD`

A Fold is the edge between a front and rear polygon.

### Overlaps

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_OVERLAPS`

Overlaps are silhouette lines that overlap the mesh, or the difference between Fold and creases.

### Creases

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CREASE`

Non-smoothed object edges.

### Angle

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_ANGLE`

This renders the edges of two adjoining polygons that lie in a certain angle or within a certain rotational range to each other.

### Border

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_BORDER`

These are edges that only belong to a single polygon.

### Material

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MATERIAL`

These are edges that belong to regions of a material assigned to a stored polygon selection.

### Edges

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_EDGES`

Renders each individual edge.

### Intersections

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_INTERSECTION`

Renders edges that are created when one object intersects another.

### Triangulation

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_TRI`

A triangulated line is rendered for each quad.

### Motion

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION`

For objects in motion, lines can be calculated in the direction of motion.

### Contour

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR`

Renders lines of equal angle or height.

### Isoparms

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_ISOPARMS`

**Isoparms** render lines of the same name from generated objects.

### Splines

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_SPLINES`

Splines will be rendered.

### Particles

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_PARTICLES`

Particles will be rendered. Make sure not to place any objects into the Emitter.

### Combine

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_COMBINEMODE`

The following line types will always be created on their own layer: Motion, Particle, Spline, Isoparm, Material alpha map lines.

The Combine mode enables you to merge line types in the following ways.

None

Each line type is created separately and rendered individually on its own layer. If more than one line type produces the same line when using effects such as transparency or patterns, you may notice unwanted results where the lines overlap. An example would be enabling **Creases** and **Angle**, which may create lines for the same polygon edges. When strokes are enabled in the Sketch material, the strokes will be limited to lines of the same type.

All

All line types that use the same Sketch material will be combined on a single layer. This helps to prevent overlapping (see **None** above). When strokes are enabled in the Sketch material, all line types in this layer are available for the strokes to draw along.

Exclusive

The line types are merged so that only lines which do not overlap between multiple types are created.

Inclusive

The enabled line types are merged to create lines that only exist in more than one line type; this is the opposite effect to **Exclusive** mode.

### Self-Culling

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_OUTLINE_SHOW_SELFOFF`

See **Hidden Cull**.

### Objects

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_OUTLINE_SHOW_OBJECTS`

See **Hidden Cull** under Objects.

### Hidden Cull

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_OUTLINE_SHOW_OBJS`

To switch off hidden lines, set **Hidden Cull** to **Self** and clear the **Default Hidden** box or local Hidden box.

These settings control which lines are visible and which are hidden. The **Hidden Cull** mode sets which objects in the scene are used to find out if a line is hidden. In the following examples, the visible lines are black, the hidden lines are red.

Self

![Image: 002831.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002831.jpg)

In **Self** mode, only the object which created the line is used to find out if the line is hidden.

Children

![Image: 002832.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002832.jpg)\
Children mode with Self-Culling disabled (left) and enabled (center).

**Children** mode uses the parent and its children to find out if a line is hidden.

Hierachy

![Image: 002833.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002833.jpg)\
Hierarchy mode with Self-Culling disabled (left) and enabled (right).

**Hierarchy** mode finds the top-most parent and then uses the parent and all its children to find out if a line is hidden.

Project

![Image: 002834.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002834.jpg)

In this mode, the line is checked against all objects in the scene to find out if it is hidden.

Objects

![Image: 002835.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002835.jpg)\
Object mode with Self-Culling disabled (left) and enabled (right)

This mode uses the objects in the Objects box to find out if a line is hidden.

### Default Hidden

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_DEFAULT_MAT_H`

See also **Default Visible**

### Line Materials

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_INDIVIDUALMATS`

### Default Visible

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_DEFAULT_MAT_V`

Use the **Default Visible** and **Default Hidden** boxes to specify which Sketch material to use for visible lines and which to use for hidden lines (Drag & drop the materials from the **Material Manager** into the boxes). Leaving a box blank means those lines will not be rendered.

These are the default materials and they are used for all line types except those with their own materials specified in their Visible and Hidden boxes (to display the Visible and Hidden boxes, set **Line Materials** to **Both**).

![Image: 002836.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002836.jpg)\
To display the Visible and Hidden boxes for each enabled line type, set Line Materials to Both.

Each box has a triangle button to its right which you can click to access the following commands:

- **Clear** empties the box. In other words, it unassigns the Sketch material.
- **Show In Manager** activates the **Material Manager** and scrolls it if necessary to display the Sketch material.
- **Select Element** selects the Sketch material in the **Material Manager** and displays its settings in the **Attribute Manager**.

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Outline

### Outline Culling

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_OUTLINE_OUTLINE_OBJS`

![Image: 002852.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002852.jpg)

The **Outline Culling** mode controls which objects will combine their outlines if they overlap.

Self

![Image: 002853.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002853.jpg)

Outlines are not combined between overlapping objects, but look up [Self Culling](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/html/VPTOONUP-OUTLINEMAT_GROUP_LINE.html.md).

Children

**Children** mode combines overlapping outlines for the parent and its children.

Hierachy

**Hierarchy** mode looks for the top-most parent and then checks all children of that parent.

![Image: 002854.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002854.jpg)\
Children mode (left) and Hierarchy mode (center). In Children mode, the back cone has a separate outline because it is not a child of the middle cone.

Project

![Image: 002855.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002855.jpg)

The overlapping outlines of different objects are combined.

Objects

![Image: 002856.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002856.jpg)

Sketch and Toon combines the outline of each object in the Objects box with the outline of any other object it overlaps.

### Self-Culling

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_OUTLINE_OUTLINE_SELFOFF`

![Image: 013126.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/013126.jpg)\
Original object at left: Scene mode, Self-Culling deactivated, Self-Culling activated.

If Self-Culling is active each object’s outline will be combined with the total outline. This will also occur if Outline Culling is set to Self.

### Objects

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_OUTLINE_OUTLINE_OBJECTS`

If **Object** is selected in the **culling outline** menu, objects can be placed via drag & drop into this field to be included in the calculation.

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Folds

### Fold Direction

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_FOLDING`

The Fold Direction setting defines which types of folds are created: all folds (**Any**), folds in the direction of **front to back**, or folds in the direction of **back to front**.

![Image: 002858.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002858.jpg)

The Fold Direction can be useful if you notice many unwanted lines forming creases.

Generally the **Fold Direction** should be set to **Any**, otherwise it reduces the number of lines created, which can result in gaps.

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Creases

### Min

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CREASE_MINTHETA` · Range: [0..180°]

The **Min** setting helps to prevent creases from appearing in flat parts of the mesh. Each crease is only created if the angle between its polygons is greater than or equal to the **Min** value.

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Angle

### Min

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_ANGLE_MINTHETA` · Range: [0..180°]

The **Min** and **Max** values define the range within which angle lines are created.

### Max

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_ANGLE_MAXTHETA` · Range: [0..180°]

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Material

### Mode

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MATERIAL_MODE`

The Mode defines whether to include or exclude Material tags for edges around alpha maps or materials. Drag & drop the Material tags into the **Tags** box.

### Combine

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MATERIAL_COMBINE`

If the Combine option is enabled, Sketch and Toon will combine the outline for any overlapping alpha maps.

### Tags

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MATERIAL_TAGS`

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Intersections

### Objects

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_INTERESTION_OBJS`

This mode defines which objects are used to find out if there are intersections.

Self

This mode only produces intersection lines where an object intersects itself.

Children

Hierarchy

**Children** mode checks the parent for intersections with its children. **Hierarchy** mode looks for the top-most parent and then checks for intersections with any children of that parent.

Project

This creates intersections where any object in the scene intersects any other object.

Objects

Sketch and Toon checks the objects in the Objects box for intersection with any other objects in the scene.

### Self-intersection

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_INTERESTION_SELF`

Enable this option to switch on lines for where an object intersects itself.

### Objects

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_INTERESTION_OBJS_LIST`

Objects in this field will be included in the calculation.

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Motion

Note that the movement lines are only displayed when the animation is rendered to the Picture Viewer (i.e., across multiple frames).

### Number of Lines

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_COUNT` · Range: [1..1000]

The number of motion lines to create.

### Mode

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_LINE_MODE`

Velocity

**Velocity** mode creates motion lines based on the object’s current velocity — the greater the velocity, the longer the lines. The lines will only appear if the object is traveling at least as fast as the **Threshold** velocity.

Trail

**Trail** mode creates motion lines based on the object’s path. To limit the trail to recent frames only, enable the **Limit** option and set **Trail** to the desired number of frames.

### Limit

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_TRAIL_LIMIT`

### Trail

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_TRAIL`

### Threshold

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_THRESHOLD` · Range: [0..+∞m]

The minimum speed at which motion lines will be generated.

### Bias

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_THRESHOLD_FROM`

Enable the **Bias** option if you want the lines to be zero length at the **Threshold** velocity, otherwise they will already have some length at the Threshold velocity.

### 2D Lines

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_LINE2D`

These are lines drawn away from the object or polygon selection based on a 2D projection.

### Outlines

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_OUTLINES`

Creates from the line types enabled in the **Sketch Style** tag or the post effect.

Shapes are created along lines created for the object (e.g., creases, edges or splines; isoparms won’t work), which can be interpreted as a type of motion blur (even though nothing is actually blurred).

### Curves

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_CURVE`

Enable the Curves option to creates curves along the motion.

### Curve Width

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_CURVEW` · Range: [-100..100%]

Use the **Curve Width** setting to adjust the width of the curves.

### Curve Height

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_CURVEH` · Range: [0..200%]

Use the **Curve Height** setting to adjust the height of the curves.

### Spline

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_SHAPE`

Uses a spline object (the Spline LINK control). The spline is used from the XY plane with the dimensions of the Spline object (the object matrix is not used).

### Spline

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_LINK`

A spline object (not spline primitives) can be placed into this field per drag & drop. It will then be used as a movement guide.

### Length

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_SCALE` · Range: [0..+∞%]

Length is the scale for the velocity.

### Variation

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_SCALE_VAR` · Range: [0..+∞%]

Varies the **Length** value.

### Scale X

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_LINEH` · Range: [0..+∞%]

**Scale X** scales the motion lines.

### Scale Y

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_LINEW` · Range: [0..+∞%]

**Scale Y** scales the motion lines.

### Offset

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_LINEOFFSET` · Range: [-∞..+∞]

### Offset

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_RELLINEOFFSET` · Range: [-∞..+∞%]

### Relative

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_RELOFFSET`

The **Offset** is the size of the gap between the object or polygon selection and the motion lines. Enable the **Relative** option to make the offset a percentage of the object’s size on screen — this is useful for objects moving towards or away from the camera.

### Taper

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_TAPER`

Squash or stretch the motion lines as they get further away from the object or polygon selection.

### Strength X

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_TAPER_ANGLE` · Range: [-1000..100%]

Defines the strength of tapering along the X axis.

### Strength Y

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_TAPER_W` · Range: [-1000..100%]

Controls the strength of tapering along the Y axis.

### Fade Opacity

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_FADE_OPACITY`

### Strength

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_FADE_OPACITY_STRENGTH` · Range: [0..100%]

Use this setting to adjust the strength of the Fade Opacity option.

### Fade Thickness

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_FADE_THICKNESS`

Thin out and fade the lines as they get further away from the object or polygon selection.

### Strength

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_MOTION_FADE_THICKNESS_STRENGTH` · Range: [0..100%]

Use this setting to adjust the strength of the Fade Opacity option.

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Contour

### Mode

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_MODE`

The following modes are available:

Angle

The **Angle** setting defines which axis is used.

Position

In Position mode you can choose the axis along which the contours are created.

UVW

In case a given object contains several UVW tags, a tag can be specified using the Sketch Style tag (drag the UVW tag from the Selection tab into the UVW Contour field).

### Angle

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_ANGLE`

The **Angle** setting defines which axis is used. You can choose the X, Y or Z axis of the object or world coordinate system, or the view’s (i.e., camera’s) X, Y or Z axis.

### Min

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_ANGLE_MIN` · Range: [0..180°]

This setting defines the range of rotation over which the contour lines will be created. 0° will result in a right angle to the selected axis.

### Max

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_ANGLE_MAX` · Range: [0..180°]

These define the range of angles over which the contour lines will be created. 0° means planar to the axis chosen (see **Angle** above).

### Steps

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_ANGLE_STEPS` · Range: [1.00..10000.00]

This is the number of contour lines to create.

### Position

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION`

In Position mode you can choose the axis along which the contours are created. You can choose the X, Y or Z axis of the object or world coordinate system, or the view’s (i.e. camera’s) X, Y or Z axis.

### Spacing

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION_SPACING`

The Spacing mode gives you two ways to control the distance between contour lines: **Relative** mode and **Absolute** mode.

Relative mode sets the number of contour lines to create (**Steps**) and how far along the object they start and end (**Min** and **Max**).

Absolute mode sets the distance between each contour line (**Step**). The **Offset** value enables you to adjust where the contour lines start along the object.

### Variation

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION_VAR` · Range: [0..+∞m]

Use the **Variation** value to vary the size of the gap between contour lines. The default value of 0 means no variation and the lines will be equal distances apart.

### Offset

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION_OFF` · Range: [-∞..+∞m]

### Step

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION_SPACE` · Range: [-∞..+∞m]

### Min

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION_MIN` · Range: [0..100%]

### Max

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION_MAX` · Range: [0..100%]

### Steps

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION_STEPS` · Range: [1.00..10000.00]

### Rotate

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_POSITION_ROT` · Range: [-180..180°]

This rotates the axis on which the contour lines are based.

### UVW

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_UVW`

If the object has multiple UVW tags, you can specify which of these should be used via the Sketch Style tag (Drag & drop the UVW tags to be used into the **Contour UVW** box on the Sketch Style tag’s **Selections** tab).

![Image: 002876.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002876.jpg)\
This is which coordinate to use: U or V.

### Min

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_UVW_MIN` · Range: [0..100%]

Use this setting to define where a given line should start.

### Max

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_UVW_MAX` · Range: [0..100%]

The Min and Max values define how far along the object the lines start (Min) and end (Max).

### Steps

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_CONTOUR_UVW_STEPS` · Range: [1.00..10000.00]

This is the number of contour lines to create.

![Image: subgroup.gif](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/subgroup.gif)\
Particles

### Mode

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_PARTICLES_MODE`

There are two modes for controlling the length of the particle lines.

Velocity mode creates a straight line from each particle’s current position. The line is as long as the particle would travel in one second provided **Velocity Scale** is set to 100%. Use a higher **Velocity Scale** value to lengthen the lines or a lower value to shorten them. The line points in the particle’s current direction.

Trail mode creates lines for the trail (i.e. flight paths already traveled) of the particles. The **Limit** and **Trail** settings limit the length of each line to the most recent part of the trail. For example, to draw the trail traveled by the particles over the past ten frames, enable Limit and set Trail to 10 F.

Note for the Path **Mode**, the entire animation must be rendered in the Picture Viewer so the particles are visible.

![Image: 002881.jpg](https://help.maxon.net/c4d/en-us/Content/Resources/Images/002881.jpg)

From left to right:

- the flight paths of two particles
- Trail mode with **Limited** disabled to give the entire trail;
- Trail mode with **Limited** enabled to give only the most recent part of the trail;
- Velocity mode to produce a straight line from each particle’s current position — the length of the line depends on the particle’s current velocity.

### Limit

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_PARTICLES_TRAIL_LIMIT`

Enables the **Limit** option.

### Trail

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_PARTICLES_TRAIL`

If, for example, you want to render the path that was covered over the previous ten frames, activate **Limit** and set **Trail** to **10B**.

### Velocity Scale

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_PARTICLES_VSCALE` · Range: [0..1000%]

Use this setting to define the length of the particle lines.

### On Death

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_PARTICLES_DEATH`

The **On Death** setting controls what happens to a line when its particle dies.

Keep Stroke

Remove Stroke

With these modes, each line remains or disappears respectively when its particle dies.

Run Out

When each particle dies, its line gets shorter and shorter until it eventually disappears, like a train disappearing into a tunnel.

Fade Out

Each line fades out gradually after its particle dies.

### Fade

Parameter ID: `OUTLINEMAT_LINE_PARTICLES_FADETIME`

The **Fade** value defines how long the line takes to fade out.