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3D Print Hub

Step into the future of product development and manufacturing with the awesome power of ZBrush for iPad and the 3D Print Hub plugin.

ZBrush for iPad supports all major 3D printing file formats, including STL (stereolithography), 3MF (3D Manufacturing Format), OBJ, and VRML. STL files are the standard files used to output your ZTools as physical objects. 3MF is an open-source, XML-based file format specifically designed for digital manufacturing and 3D printing. VRML provides support for UVs, textures, and PolyPaint, allowing you to print in color. In addition to these, you get the versatility of OBJ file support.

Take your digital designs from photo-real to desktop-real!

Main Features

• • Export in STL, 3MF, binary, and ASCII
  • Export in VRML
  • Size in inches and millimeters
  • Export the current or all subtools

3D Print Hub in 5 Steps

Before beginning, you need to load a ZTool to export, such as the Demo Soldier. This Tool must be a PolyMesh 3D. If your model is a Primitive or a ZSphere model, you need to convert it first.

With your model selected, open the Palettes > 3D Print Hub menu.

1. Click the Update Size Ratios button to capture the ZTool’s bounding box size.
2. A window will appear with several size settings. Choose the one that best fits your model size, scale, and units (millimeters or inches).
   
   
3. Change any of the linked X/Y/Z sliders to define the size of the object to export. The values here depend on the units chosen in Step 2.
4. In the Export Options, choose if you would like to export all subtools, only the vis­ible subtools, or just the currently selected subtool.
   
   
5. Finally, back in the 3D Print Hub panel, click the file format to which you wish to export: STL, 3MF, VRML, or OBJ. You can also click the appropriate link to open the model in the compatible target application of your choice, like Preform for Formlabs 3D printers.

That's it! Of course, you can modify the different settings and options available under Size Options and Export Options to fit your needs.

Preparing the Model

If you want to print your model in 3D, you should check several things prior to using 3D Print Hub. Please be aware of these items in order to avoid complications during the printing process.

Tip:If you know which company will print your model, visit their website or contact them to learn about their restrictions or advice. Some of them have dedicated FAQs or tutorials about their printing processes.

• • The 3D mesh must be watertight. That means that there can be no open holes to the interior. Put another way, if you were to temporarily remove the top polygon in the model and pour water in, there wouldn’t be any holes farther down that the water could leak out of. If there are any holes, you must fill them prior to exporting. Examples would be eyes, nostrils, mouth, etc.

    Note: Some 3D printers will support one or more holes if the resulting assembly of elements creates a watertight object. Please contact the 3D printing company for confirmation about this exception.

  • The normals of your object(s) must be unified and oriented out. Flipped surface normals may create unexpected results.
  • Some printing companies or machines may not support the high resolution mesh­es that ZBrush is capable of creating. In this case, ZBrush can generate too many triangles for the final model to be loaded by the printing company’s equipment. If your model exceeds your printer's supported polygon count, use the Decimation Master plugin to optimize your model and reduce the polygon count without sacrificing details.
  • Do an overall check of your model to ensure that everything can be printed. You may not find every problem, but you can avoid some of them. Your printed models will follow physical laws. For example, you can’t create a floating character that has nothing to support it.
    

    Expert Tip!

    There are creative ways to seem to break this rule. For example, if two characters are fighting, one can appear to be floating when in fact that character’s leg is in contact with and therefore supported by the other character’s body.
  • Your model will also be restricted by some printing limitations. Even if the printer can create very accurate details, some elements can still become very hard to clean up after the printing process or may become very fragile. An example of this would be thin ropes that hang from the figure.
  • The final cost of your model may vary depending on various elements, even for the same model. An important part of the price is dependent on the printing material and the printing time. If you cut your model in several parts and/or if you hollow out your objects to reduce the overall volume of your model, the price and printing time will be reduced. This means that extra preparation on your part can give you a bigger printed model for the same price as a smaller piece without that effort. Some printing companies can also offer you this service and the amount that you pay them for it can be more than offset by savings on the final print. Contact the company for more information.

The Exporting Process

The export process is quite easy but needs to be done in separate steps. For most of the basic and simple usage, you only have to modify a very few settings and can ignore the advanced options. Even if you do need to use the advanced options, you will still need to first set or change the basic items.

1. Updating the size information

To accurately set the size of your model and export it to the correct scale, you must tell ZBrush what the ZTool’s real-world measurements actually are. This is done by up­dating the size information for your loaded ZTool. This step must be done for each model you will export.

Simply click the Update Size Ratios button to update the size of the loaded ZTool. This action will open a window which will let you choose the scale of your model. It also provides alternatives for the model’s size and your choice of units. ZBrush does not natively work with units. For this reason, even if you have set TransPose Units and are working with accurate proportions, ZBrush doesn’t know whether you are using inches or millimeters.

This dialog box lets you choose between four solutions which mix the unit and the scale in what is basically a 2.54 ratio between mm and in. By selecting the size which is close to your target size, you will help the plugin to start with the most convenient size values.

The computation of the size/scale is based on the advanced options found in the Size Options section (see above). If Use Size of the Selected Subtool is enabled, the size of the whole model will be based on the selected subtool; all the other subtools will be scaled accordingly. If this option is disabled, the bounding box computes from all visible subtools as if they are a single model. (Hidden subtools are always excluded.)

Please read the Advanced options section for more information.

2. Set the Unit and Size

In this step, you specify the dimensions of the exported model and whether that size is in inches or millimeters. This value applies to the entire model, including all visible SubTools.

• Set the units for export by clicking on the button of your choice: “inch” for inches and “mm” for millimeters. This option is available in case you wish to change the units after having used the Update Size Ratio function explained above.
• Move one of the sliders to change the size of your object. When releasing the slider, the two other sliders automatically update.
  

Note: The STL file format maintains scale but doesn’t internally specify units. If using this format, tell the printing company which unit you chose.

3. File Format and Exporting

When all your basic options have been set (and any advanced options), the last step is to choose the file format you need.

• • STL: This is the standard file format for 3D printing. By default, only vertices are exported which are then displayed as triangles when the file is opened. Using the Advanced Options, vertex color (PolyPaint) can also be exported.
    

    Notice

    The STL file format is available in ASCII format, but by default it is set to Binary format. You can choose between the two formats in Export Options.
  • 3MF: This is a modern file format designed specifically for 3D printing, created to be a more capable and reliable successor to the STL format. 3MF natively supports full-color information, making it ideal for exporting models with PolyPaint or textures for color 3D printing. The format can also bundle additional data like material properties and multiple objects within a single, comprehensive file for modern additive manufacturing workflows.
  • VRML: This file format is best when you need to export a model which has UV mapping and a texture applied to it. This format is ideal for use in color printing. If you only have PolyPaint, check with the printing company to verify that they can support vertex RGB. If they can, activate PolyPaint in the Advanced Options. Otherwise, assign UV mapping and convert the PolyPaint to a texture.
  • OBJ: This file format is the most common one in the 3D industry. Most 3D print­ing companies will accept it and therefore it can be a good alternative to the VRML file format. The OBJ format only supports textures, not vertex color/PolyPaint.

Clicking one of these buttons immediately opens a system dialog box so that you can name your file and specify where it and any corresponding textures will be saved. When the export process completes, a confirmation note displays.

4. STL import

3D Print Hub can import the STL file format, which is commonly used by 3D scanners. This allows you to import your scan data for use in ZBrush, as well as loading your STL files back into ZBrush.

When you click the STL Import button, a system dialog box opens so you can browse your hard drive and select the desired STL file. ZBrush then imports the model. If another 3D object is currently in Edit mode, ZBrush replaces that model with your imported model, just as it does with the default Import process.

ZBrush retains a record of the model size from the imported model, but it has no information about the units used in the software that generated the model. If the model was 10mm width in the original software, it becomes 10 “units” in ZBrush.

Advanced Options

3D Print Hub includes several advanced options allowing you to fine tune your im­ports, size settings and exports. It is strongly advised to look at these settings as in some cases you may need to make use of several of them. For example, if you need to scale a figurine based on the size of its base.

To display these settings, click the Size, Import, and/or Export Options buttons. You must modify these settings prior to clicking the desired main action.

1. File Import Options

• • Skip Color: This option ignores any color information included in the imported STL file. Only a few programs support exporting color as part of an STL file, so this op­tion is enabled by default.
  • Weld Threshold: This control automatically welds all imported model vertices that are very close to each other in 3D space. The STL format doesn’t have welded polygons, which means that when the file is imported, the vertices must be welded to produce a watertight mesh and clean surfaces. The default setting will work for the vast majority of imported models but one very rare occasions you may need to increase or decrease the value.
  • Store Import Settings: This option saves a configuration file containing the current import settings for future uses of the 3D Print Hub plugin. This is convenient if you always need the same settings for all your 3D model imports.

2. Size Options

• • Move Bounding Axis to Origin: Moves the origin of the bounding box for the exported 3D object (even if the object is comprised of multiple subtools) to the 0,0,0 location.
  • For All Tools: All subtools move to the new origin location while retaining their positions relative to each other. This is the default option when using the Move Bounding Axis to Origin feature.
  • Per SubTool: When enabled, all subtools individually move to the origin location and scale to fit the bounding box size.
  • Use Size of Selected Subtool: Defines the size of the bounding box based on the currently selected subtool. All other subtools resize relative to this one. This option is convenient if one item must have an exact predefined size, such as a support object, in which case all other parts need to be resized according to the support.
  • Original Size: This option only works for a model that has been imported into ZBrush. Enabling it instructs ZBrush to use the original dimensions of the model as they were set by the source program. In this case, 3D Print Hub will ignore the size dimensions specified in the basic settings.
  • X/Y/Z: Enable one of these to keep the ratio constant based on the specified axis. The sizes for the other two axes recalculate.
  • Store Size Settings: This option saves a configuration file containing the current import settings for future uses of the 3D Print Hub plugin. This is convenient if you always need the same settings for all your 3D model exports.

3. Export Options

• • All: When enabled, all subtools export, including those which have been hidden.
  • Visible: When enabled, only visible subtools export. Non-visible subtools won’t export.
  • Selected: When enabled, only the current subtool exports.
  • Add Index to Subtool Name: Adds an index name in front of Subtool 1, Subtool 2, and so on.
  • Keep Subtool Name: Exports each mesh with the exact subtool name the user provided.
  • Textures: When enabled, this control exports any subtool textures using the Texture Format. (See next section.) Only the VRML and OBJ file formats can export textures.
  • PolyPaint: When enabled, this control exports any vertex color painting information (PolyPaint) on the subtools as part of the saved file. Only the VRML and STL file formats can export vertex painting.

    Image file size can be important with some printers. It is critical to choose a texture file format that will fit your printer’s limitations. The JPG, PNG, and BMP buttons specify the image format to be used when 3D Print Hub needs to include any textures that are applied to the subtools.

    • JPG provides a destructive compression (data and quality loss) but has a very small file size.
    • PNG provides a non-destructive compression. It produces files larger than with JPG but a lot smaller than that of uncompressed formats.
    • BMP provides uncompressed images with no quality loss, but produces very large files.
  • Quality: Use this slider when you select JPG file format. It specifies the amount of compression. Values under 60 will see significant image degradation.

4. STL Export Options

These options are specific only to the STL file format.

• Binary and ASCII: Save your STL file as a clear text (ASCII) file or in binary format. Binary format results in a smaller file size and is the default setting since almost all printing companies and software can read the binary format.
• Magics and SolidView: These options set the way vertex color information is written within the STL file format. Please check your other 3D packages or with your printing company to determine which file formats they support.
• Store Export Settings: This option saves a configuration file containing the current import settings for future uses of the 3D Print Hub plugin. This is convenient if you always need the same settings for all your 3D model exports.