|
| Redshift demo volume |
Table Of Contents
OpenVDB files are to volume rendering what EXR files are to HDR image files. While an EXR texture stores pixels, an OpenVDB file stores voxels - these can be thought of as three dimensional pixels. Each voxel stores information that describes the volume at a particular point in 3D space. For example, it can store a density value which tells the renderer how opaque or transparent to make the volume at each specific location.
Volume objects are not compatible with light linking.
OpenVDB organizes its voxel data into grids.
VDB grids may also be referred to as channels, particularly in a shading context, and Redshift uses the channel terminology when referencing a VDB grid in a volume shader.
An important thing to remember with OpenVDB channels is that they each have a unique name assigned to them. For example, volume density information could be written to a channel named "bob" and still function exactly the same as the more common channel name "density." Thankfully, most applications follow fairly standard naming conventions but the key thing is to know what channels are contained in your VDB file - to know each channel's name and its purpose.
The reason this is so important is because volume channels tell Redshift exactly how your volume should be shaded, and you are likely to get vastly different results from each channel because they tend to have very different uses. For example, temperature should be used to drive volume emission for realistic flames and explosions by making use of blackbody emission rather than using the density channel which is tailored for describing thick plumes of smoke or clouds.
Velocity channels are expected in either two forms:
A single velocity grid in the float vector type which contains all the XYZ information in one grid.
Example: velocity
Three separate float scalar velocity grids that pertain to X, Y, and Z individually.
Example: velocity.x , velocity.y , velocity.z
For information on how to use the velocity grids please see the motion blur section below.
Redshift provides a list of all the available channels contained in a VDB in the Information section of the Redshift Volume Object.
The Redshift Log File can be used to find out which channels are contained in an OpenVDB file. When Redshift loads an OpenVDB file, it prints out the names of all the channels it contains. Here is an example of how this looks in a Redshift log file:
Preparing volume objects...
Loading: C:\demo\redshift_volume_demo\RS_Vol_Demo.vdb
Contained grids: 'density' 'temperature' 'velocity'
Done! Dim: (243, 356, 245). Num loaded grids: 2. Num voxels total: 16828480
Time to process 1 volume objects: 0.7s
As you can see in the code snippet above, three grids were found: density, temperature, and velocity - these names can be used for shading and motion blur in Redshift.
Similar to the way the clarity of an image is defined by its resolution a voxel grid has resolution as well. While a low resolution image will look jagged or pixelated, a low resolution volume will look blocky. A volume that is simulated at a higher resolution will look smoother, it is important to create a volume with the appropriate resolution for your scene and its distance from the camera. The advanced remapping parameters of the volume shader can be used to help alleviate some of this blockiness but it is a tricky balancing act that may require sacrificing too much of the desired look of your volume, so ultimately what is most important is the actual resolution of your volume simulation.
|
|
| Redshift demo volume |
Download Redshift demo volume VDB (242 MB)
Other resources:
OpenVDB official Sample Models
Cloud by Walt Disney Animation
JangaFX Free VDB Assets
To create a Volume object, select Redshift Volume from the Cinema 4D Volume menu or select RS Volume from the quick volume creation tools.
|
|
Next set the Path field to an OpenVDB file on your computer as outlined in the image below, for this demo we will load the "RS_Vol_Demo" VDB. The VDB should now be loaded into the scene and visible as a bounding box in the viewport.
Volume objects must be stored on a GPU's memory in their entirety, volume rendering is not handled by Redshift's out-of-core system. Therefore, if a scene uses too many volume objects (or if these volume objects are of a particularly high resolution) and do not fit on the GPU's memory, rendering will be aborted with an out-of-VRAM error message.
|
For better viewport visualization the Display mode can be changed to something like points. Use the maximum points and prune threshold parameters to balance viewport performance with the visualization of the volume, for more information see the display settings below.
All that remains is to configure a Redshift Volume shader and then rendering can commence! For information on volume shading, please see the Volume Shader page.
|
Alternatively, you can use a Cinema 4D Volume Loader with your VDB which supports improved viewport visualization. However, please note, the volume loader does not support the same options as the Redshift Volume object, like motion blur velocity scale. For more information please see the Volume Loader page.
|
|
|
The following settings manage the import process of VDB files and allow you control the playback of animated VDB sequences.
Specifies which VDB file or sequence from your computer will be used for volume rendering.
This dropdown controls the loading of VDB files and their playback behavior:
Here the speed of playback is set and a range of VDB files within the sequence can be specified to be displayed and looped:
Only relevant when the Timing mode is set to Range.
With Range Start you can specify at which frame of your animation the VDB sequence should start playing. All frames before Range Start will use the first VDB file of your sequence.
Only relevant when the Timing mode is set to Range.
With Range End you can specify at which frame of your animation the VDB sequence should stop playing. All frames after Range End will use the last VDB file of your sequence. Leaving this value at 0 has the same result as entering the last frame of your animation.
Only relevant when the Timing mode is set to Range.
Loop sets the number of repetitions for the VDB sequence within the given range (between Range Start and Range End). Increasing the Loop value will always speed up playback of the VDB sequence and can result in more skipped VDB files.
Frequently Start Frame should be 0 to start the sequence with the first VDB file but this can be used to trim unnecessary frames from the beginning of a VDB sequence.
This can be used to trim unnecessary frames from the end of a VDB sequence by controlling which VDB file the sequence should stop at.
Since a sequence of files doesn't have a fixed playback frame rate, you can enter your own here. Try a Frame Rate of 30 if you don't know which frame rate the simulation was calculated at and then adjust if you feel the sequence runs too fast or too slow during playback.
This value will offset the number of the VDB file within a sequence. For example, using Offset 3 would use the third file of the sequence as the new start frame. In this case, the first two files in the sequence will be handled as if they are the last two files of the sequence, so in total the amount of files in the sequence will remain constant.
This button will automatically detect the number of VDB files in a matching sequence and fill out Start Frame and End Frame for you.
|
Activating this option will draw a bounding box in the viewport to illustrate the maximum size of your volume even if the Preview mode is switched Off.
Controls how the volume data will be presented in the viewport.
|
Only relevant for volume display modes that include points.
Specifies the maximum number of points that would be drawn if the OpenVDB file was completely filled. This value is used only with the display mode set to Points.
Only relevant for volume display modes that include points.
Any voxels that are lower or equal to this value will not be drawn as Points. Higher values result in fewer points drawn.
Volume Padding expands the volume bounding box allowing for greater volume displacement, this is measured in voxel size of the loaded VDB.
Very large values may increase render times.
Volume displacement is always limited by a volume's bounding box. When displacement values are high enough, the volume gets cut off at the bounding box limit as seen in the example below.
| Volume displacement limited by small bounding box |
When this occurs, Volume Padding can be increased to expand the size of the bounding box allowing for full displacement.
| Increasing Volume Padding |
|
Motion blur simulation is a bit different with volume files as they are stored frame by frame rather than, for example, an object animated via keyframes where the speed and motion curves can be accessed at any time. The solution for this is recording speed information to a velocity grid which can be included in a VDB file. Either separate XYZ grids with float scalar values or a single velocity grid with float vector values is required.
Enter the names of the three appropriate velocity channels that include the x, y, and z components here.
If you only have a single 3D velocity channel with float vector data you can add it all by itself to the Velocity Grid X field and Redshift will handle the rest.
Velocity scale is a multiplier for the velocity grids to increase or decrease the motion blur intensity of a volume.
Depending on the values in the velocity grid, velocity scale may have to be increased dramatically before motion blur becomes visible.
|
|
|
|
| Velocity Scale: 1 | 1000 | 10000 | 50000 |
|
Displays all the available VDB grids found in the loaded file that can be used for driving volume shading and motion blur.
